Reading Market Data & Quotes

The highest traded price during the previous 52 weeks.

Example: The share reaches a new 52-week high after strong earnings.

52-Week High is the highest traded price during the previous 52 weeks; the data point is a recorded price, volume or position statistic tied to a securityA tradable financial claim or ownership interest, such as a share, bond, or fund unit., venue and time period.

The share reaches a new 52-week high after strong earnings.

For 52-Week High, confirm symbol, venue, currency, timestamp, session, adjustment method and data source before calculating returns or signals; a single data point rarely explains the market process that produced it.

The lowest traded price during the previous 52 weeks.

Example: The stock falls close to its 52-week low.

52-Week Low is the lowest traded price during the previous 52 weeks; the meaning of the data point depends on timestamp, session, currency, adjustment method and whether the value is an official print, indicative quote or calculated series.

The stock falls close to its 52-week low.

For 52-Week Low, confirm symbol, venue, currency, timestamp, session, adjustment method and data source before calculating returns or signals; stale or thinly traded prices can create false signals.

A historical closing price modified for events such as dividends and stock splits.

Example: A return chart uses adjusted closes so a stock splitAn increase in the number of shares accompanied by a proportional reduction in price per share, leaving total value initially unchanged. does not appear as a loss.

Adjusted Close is a historical closing price modified for events such as dividends and stock splits; the data point is a recorded price, volume or position statistic tied to a security, venue and time period.

A return chart uses adjusted closes so a stock split does not appear as a loss.

For Adjusted Close, confirm symbol, venue, currency, timestamp, session, adjustment method and data source before calculating returns or signals; stale or thinly traded prices can create false signals.

A chart element showing an asset's open, high, low, and close for a period.

Example: A daily candlestick summarises one trading session.

Candlestick is a chart element showing an asset's open, high, low, and close for a period; data quality includes correct corporate-action adjustments, consistent time zones and a reliable source.

A daily candlestick summarises one trading session.

A practical review of Candlestick distinguishes an official close from the last visible quote and an adjusted history from the prices investors actually traded. Also compare Trading Range, defined here as the span between an asset's high and low price over a period.

The final official or regular-session price for a period.

Example: The fund report values listed shares using the closing price.

Close Price is the final official or regular-session price for a period; the data point summarises market activity but may omit order-book depth, trading costs and events outside the selected period.

The fund report values listed shares using the closing price.

A practical review of Close Price distinguishes an official close from the last visible quote and an adjusted history from the prices investors actually traded; stale or thinly traded prices can create false signals. Also compare Adjusted Close, defined here as a historical closing price modified for events such as dividends and stock splits.

The highest traded price during a stated period.

Example: The day's high is ₦32.

High Price is the highest traded price during a stated period; the meaning of the data point depends on timestamp, session, currency, adjustment method and whether the value is an official print, indicative quote or calculated series.

The day's high is ₦32.

Before relying on it, reproduce it from raw data where possible and ensure that all compared securities use the same calendar and methodology; the data point can be technically correct and still unrepresentative of executable value. Also compare Low Price, defined here as the lowest traded price during a stated period.

The lowest traded price during a stated period.

Example: The day's low is ₦29.50.

Low Price is the lowest traded price during a stated period; the data point summarises market activity but may omit order-book depth, trading costs and events outside the selected period.

For example, the day's low is ₦29.50.

Assess Low Price alongside volume, spread and nearby observations and investigate missing values, stale prices and corporate actions; a single data point rarely explains the market process that produced it. Also compare Close Price, defined here as the final official or regular-session price for a period.

The first official or regular-session traded price for a period.

Example: The share opens at ₦30 after closing at ₦28 the previous day.

Open Price is the first official or regular-session traded price for a period; data quality includes correct corporate-action adjustments, consistent time zones and a reliable source.

The share opens at ₦30 after closing at ₦28 the previous day.

A practical review of Open Price distinguishes an official close from the last visible quote and an adjusted history from the prices investors actually traded; corporate actions can break comparisons when historical data are not adjusted consistently. Also compare Low Price, defined here as the lowest traded price during a stated period.

A chart interval between consecutive trading periods where no trades occurred at intervening prices.

Example: Unexpected news causes the share to open well below the previous close.

Price Gap is a chart interval between consecutive trading periods where no trades occurred at intervening prices; data quality includes correct corporate-action adjustments, consistent time zones and a reliable source.

Unexpected news causes the share to open well below the previous close.

A practical review of Price Gap distinguishes an official close from the last visible quote and an adjusted history from the prices investors actually traded; stale or thinly traded prices can create false signals.

The number or proportion of shares sold short and not yet repurchased.

Example: Short interest rises to 12% of the free floatThe proportion of a company's shares readily available for public trading..

Short Interest is the number or proportion of shares sold short and not yet repurchased; the meaning of the data point depends on timestamp, session, currency, adjustment method and whether the value is an official print, indicative quote or calculated series.

Short interest rises to 12% of the free float.

Before relying on it, reproduce it from raw data where possible and ensure that all compared securities use the same calendar and methodology; the data point can be technically correct and still unrepresentative of executable value.

The span between an asset's high and low price over a period.

Example: The share trades within a ₦20 to ₦24 range for a month.

Trading Range is the span between an asset's high and low price over a period; the data point is a recorded price, volume or position statistic tied to a security, venue and time period.

The share trades within a ₦20 to ₦24 range for a month.

Assess Trading Range alongside volume, spread and nearby observations and investigate missing values, stale prices and corporate actions; stale or thinly traded prices can create false signals.